package demo1;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class BinaryTree {

    static class TreeNode {
        public char val;
        public TreeNode left;//左孩子的引用
        public TreeNode right;//右孩子的引用

        public TreeNode(char val) {
            this.val = val;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 创建一棵二叉树 返回这棵树的根节点
     *
     * @return
     */
    public TreeNode createTree() {
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode('A');
        TreeNode B = new TreeNode('B');
        TreeNode C = new TreeNode('C');
        TreeNode D = new TreeNode('D');
        TreeNode E = new TreeNode('E');
        TreeNode F = new TreeNode('F');
        TreeNode G = new TreeNode('G');
        TreeNode H = new TreeNode('H');

        root.left = B;
        root.right = C;
        B.left = D;
        C.left = E;
        E.left = H;
        E.right = F;
        C.right = G;

        return root;
    }

    // 前序遍历
    public void preOrder(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return;
        }
        System.out.print(root.val + " ");
        preOrder(root.left);
        preOrder(root.right);
    }

    // 中序遍历
    void inOrder(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return;
        }
        inOrder(root.left);
        System.out.print(root.val + " ");
        inOrder(root.right);
    }
    public List<Character> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Character> list = new ArrayList<>();
        if(root == null) {
            return list;
        }

        List<Character> listLeft = inorderTraversal(root.left);
        list.addAll(listLeft);

        list.add(root.val);

        List<Character> listRight = inorderTraversal(root.right);
        list.addAll(listRight);

        return list;
    }
    // 后序遍历
    void postOrder(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return;
        }
        postOrder(root.left);
        postOrder(root.right);
        System.out.print(root.val + " ");
    }

    public static int nodeSize;

    /**
     * 获取树中节点的个数：遍历思路
     */
    void size(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return;
        }
        nodeSize++;
        size(root.left);
        size(root.right);
    }

    /**
     * 获取节点的个数：子问题的思路
     * 左子树结点加右子树结点加根节点
     * @param root
     * @return
     */
    public int size2(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        return size2(root.left) + size2(root.right) + 1;
    }


    /*
     获取叶子节点的个数：遍历思路
     */
    public static int leafSize = 0;

    void getLeafNodeCount1(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return;
        }

        if(root.left == null && root.right == null) {
            leafSize++;
        }

        getLeafNodeCount1(root.left);
        getLeafNodeCount1(root.right);
    }

    /*
     获取叶子节点的个数：子问题
     左子树的叶子总数 + 右子树的叶子总数
     */
    int getLeafNodeCount2(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        if(root.left == null && root.right == null) {
            return 1;
        }
        return getLeafNodeCount2(root.left) + getLeafNodeCount2(root.right);
    }

    /*
    获取第K层节点的个数
     */
    public int getKLevelNodeCount(TreeNode root, int k) {
        if(root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        if(k == 1) {
            return 1;
        }

        return getKLevelNodeCount(root.left, k-1) + getKLevelNodeCount(root.right,k-1);
    }

    /*
     获取二叉树的高度
     时间复杂度：O(N)
     */
    public int getHeight(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        int leftHeight = getHeight(root.left);
        int rightHeight = getHeight(root.right);

        //return Math.max(leftHeight,rightHeight)+1;
        return leftHeight >rightHeight
                ? leftHeight+1 : rightHeight+1;
    }


    // 检测值为value的元素是否存在
    public TreeNode find(TreeNode root, char val) {
        if(root == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if(root.val == val) {
            return root;
        }

        TreeNode left = find(root.left,val);
        if(left != null) {
            return left;
        }

        TreeNode right = find(root.right,val);
        if(right != null) {
            return right;
        }

        return null;
    }
}
